Wissington in Norfolk is the site of British Sugar's largest refinery in the UK, it is also the largest in Europe[1]. There has been a sugar factory there since 1925; however none of the rest of the village remains, other than the name. British Sugar has opened the UK's first bioethanol plant here.[1]
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When the factory was built in 1925, there was no road access to it. It was located on the south bank of the River Wissey, and was also served by the Wissington Light Railway. This railway had been built in 1905, and opened in 1906, for the benefit of local farms. It left the Denver (on the Great Eastern mainline, the Fen Line), to Stoke Ferry Railway at Abbey Junction, which was located near Station Farm. The line then crossed the river, and continued for some 10 miles (16 km) to a terminus at Poppylot. The line was unusual, in that it was not authorised either by an Act of Parliament or by a Light Railway Order. The owners of the factory leased the line, and built another 8 miles (13 km) of track, which ensured that sugar beet could reach the plant in sufficient volume to make it efficient.[2]
In addition to the railway transport, three tugs, named Hilgay, Littleport and Wissington, were used to transport goods from the factory to King's Lynn and coal from King's Lynn to the factory in a fleet of 24 steel barges. The Ministry of Agriculture deemed that the factory was of strategic importance during World War II, and took responsibility for it from March 1941. They drafted in Italian prisoners of war to refurbish the railway, and to construct the first roads to the factory. River traffic ceased in 1943. After the war, the Ministry bought the railway in 1947, and ran it themselves. In 1957 they closed the lines to the south of the factory, as most sugar beet was by then delivered to the factory by road, with the final section to Abbey Junction closing in 1965. One of the steam engines is now preserved on the North Norfolk Railway.[2]
The plant is now supplied by lorry, collecting product from 50 miles (80 km) radius. In 2007, Wissington was the site of the UK's first bioethanol power plant, the excess heat from which heats on-site greenhouses that produce 70 million tomatoes each year.
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